
Causes
- Low material temperature (overstress)
- Overcooling by refrigeration units
- Low ambient conditions (extreme winter weather)
- Loss of system pressure on units handling low boiling point fluids
- Gas expansion (Joule–Thomson effect)
Incidents

CCPS Process Safety Beacon
The Process Safety Beacon is a resource aimed at delivering process safety messages to plant operators and other manufacturing personnel.
- Title (Date/URL)

European Process Safety Centre Learning Sheets
The EPSC Learning Sheets are meant to stimulate discussion on important process safety topics at operational sites, to improve competency & awareness in a pleasant format.
- Title (Date/URL)
Media
Organisations, Standards & Guidance
- Name (URL)