
Causes
- High material temperature (loss of strength)
- Flame impingement in fired equipment
- Electrical heating failure
- Inadequate fluid flow in heated equipment (furnace or boiler)
- Higher flow of hot stream in heat exchanger
- No or low flow of cold stream in heat exchanger
Incidents

CCPS Process Safety Beacon
The Process Safety Beacon is a resource aimed at delivering process safety messages to plant operators and other manufacturing personnel.
- Title (Date/URL)

European Process Safety Centre Learning Sheets
The EPSC Learning Sheets are meant to stimulate discussion on important process safety topics at operational sites, to improve competency & awareness in a pleasant format.
- Title (Date/URL)
Media
Organisations, Standards & Guidance
- Name (URL)